Abagana Ambush of March 31, 1968, was an ambush by Biafran guerrilla troops led by Major Jonathan Uchendu that wiped out the Nigerian 2 Division. During this ambush, the Nigerian Army suffered the heaviest defeat in the civil war.

Of the 5,000 Nigerian troops ambushed, only a very small number survived, including the 2nd Division's commander, Col. Murtala Ramat Muhammed. Murtala was said to have assembled and deployed a convoy of 105 vehicles which included troop carriers, a fuel tanker, and four armored cars to facilitate this plan on March 31, 1968. However, the Biafran secret intelligence gained knowledge of the plan and reported it to a higher Biafran command which instantly planned a deadly ambush.

A 700-man troop, led by Major Uchendu, was given a huge task by Col. Achuzie to ambush the invading Nigerian troops at Abagana in the Enugu-Onitsha highway. The unsuspecting Nigerian 2nd division, numbering about 5000 soldiers, marched on until they were halted by a surprise attack from a smaller but well-prepared Biafran army.

The Biafran army allowed the Nigerian army to march right into their midst before raining bullets on them. A locally made rocket called Ogbunigwe was crucially used during the Ambush. One of the Ogbunigwe rockets was launched directly at a fuel tanker in the Nigerian army convoy leading to chains of explosions which created a 450-metre great fire that incinerated men and metals within seconds.