According to a UN report, landlocked countries are, on average, 20% less developed than their coastal counterparts. Additionally, among the 44 landlocked countries worldwide, 32 are classified as Landlocked Developing Countries, highlighting the significant economic challenges they face. Despite these obstacles, several of these countries have successfully developed industries that do not rely on coastlines or ports. Luxembourg, Switzerland, San Marino, Austria, Andorra, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Kazakhstan, and Serbia are the ten richest landlocked countries, many of which have robust services and manufacturing sectors that contribute to their high GDP figures.

Luxembourg is not only the wealthiest landlocked country but also the richest country globally, with a GDP per capita of $143,742. A lack of water access has not prevented this country from creating a flourishing economy. Due to its centralized position in Europe, it is home to over 130 banking institutions and has a thriving financial services and investments sector. With many people commuting into the country to work, it has effectively attracted talented, multilingual workers, creating a potent workforce in the industry. Luxembourg, known for its favorable tax regime, has also attracted numerous businesses that view it as a 'tax haven,' further stimulating its economy.